Nitroxin improves yield and phenol compound of purple coneflower (Echinaceae purpurea L.) root under different irrigation regimes

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Former Ph.D. Student of crop physiology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran,

2 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

3 Research Division of Natural Resources, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Purple coneflower (Echinaceae purpurea (L.) Munch) root is a rich source of phenolic components used in pharmaceutical industries and the content of phenolic components depends on many factors such as drought stress and nitrogen (N) nutrition. This experiment was conducted in Lordegan, Iran, from 2014 to 2016, to investigate the effect of N and nitroxin on the content of phosphorus, potassium and nitrate, yield, content and yield of phenol compound of purple coneflower root under three irrigation regimes. Irrigation after 25%, 50% and 75% of soil water depletion, as the main factor and 0 kg N ha-1 (control), nitroxin (containing Azotobacter and Azospirillium bacteria), 40 kg N ha-1, a combination of nitroxin and 40 kg N ha-1 and 80 kg N ha-1 were considered as the sub-factor and arranged as a split plot in the randomized complete block design with three replications. Nitrogen application increased potassium content and root yield and also phosphorus content in all irrigation levels. The highest root nitrate accumulation was obtained by the application of 80 kg N ha-1 in all irrigation treatments. Irrigation after 75% of soil water depletion decreased potassium content and root yield. The highest root yield was achieved from nitroxin+40 kg N ha-1. Root phenolic compounds were raised by increasing irrigation intervals, and N consumption decreased them at each irrigation regime. The highest phenolic compound yield was obtained from the application of nitroxin in irrigation after 75% of soil water depletion. Generally, irrigation after 75% of soil water depletion and utilization of nitroxin is suggested for the best quantity and also quality root production in the studied region.

Keywords

References

Adiku, S.G., Ozier-Lafontaine, H. & Bajazet, T. (2001). Patterns of root growth and water uptake of a maize-cowpea mixture grown under greenhouse conditions. Plant and Soil. 235(1), 85-94.
Ahmed A.H.H., Khalil M.K. & Farrag A.M. (2000) Nitrate accumulation, growth, yield and chemical composition of Rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) plant as affected by NPK fertilization, kinetin and salicylic acid, in: Proceedings of ICEHM 2000, Cairo University, Egypt, pp. 495–508.
Anjana, S.U. & Iqbal, M. (2007). Nitrate accumulation in plants, factors affecting the process, and human health implications. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 27(1), 45-57.
Arruda, L., Beneduzi, A., Martins, A., Lisboa, B., Lopes, C., Bertolo, F., ... & Vargas, L. K. (2013). Screening of rhizobacteria isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) in Rio Grande do Sul State (South Brazil) and analysis of their potential to improve plant growth. Applied Soil Ecology. 63, 15-22.
Baričevič, D. & Zupančič, A. (2002). The impact of drought stress and/or nitrogen fertilization in some medicinal plants. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants. 9(2-3), 53-64.
Berti, M., Wilckens, R., Fischer, S. & Hevia, F. (2001). Effect of harvest season, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on root yield, echinacoside and alkylamides in Echinacea angustifolia L. in Chile. In International Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Possibilities and Limitations of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant. 576 (pp. 303-310).
Bettaieb, I., Knioua, S., Hamrouni, I., Limam, F. & Marzouk, B. (2011). Water-deficit impact on fatty acid and essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) aerial parts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 59(1), 328-334.
Bonomelli, C., Cisterna, D. & Reciné, C. (2005). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on Echinacea purpurea mineral composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 32(2), 85-91.
Chapman, H.D. & Pratt, P.F. (1961) Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California, Los Angeles, 309.
Colling, J., Stander, M.A. & Makunga, N.P. (2010). Nitrogen supply and abiotic stress influence canavanine synthesis and the productivity of in vitro regenerated Sutherlandia frutescens microshoots. Journal of Plant Physiology. 167(17), 1521-1524.
Dobermann, A. & Fairhurst, T. (2000). Rice nutrient disorders and nutrient management. Potash & Phosphate Institute; Los Baños, PH: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Singapore, 191 p.
Dordas, C. (2009). Dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation, partitioning and remobilization as affected by N and P fertilization and source–sink relations. European Journal of Agronomy. 30(2), 129-139.
Drenovsky, R.E., Khasanova, A. & James, J.J. (2012). Trait convergence and plasticity among native and invasive species in resource‐poor environments. American Journal of Botany. 99(4), 629-639.
Fageria, N.K., & Baligar, V.C. (2001). Lowland rice response to nitrogen fertilization. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 32(9-10), 1405-1429.
Glick, B.R. (2012). Plant growth-promoting bacteria: mechanisms and applications. Scientifica. Pp. 1-15
Gonzalez-Dugo, V., Durand, J.L. & Gastal, F. (2010). Water deficit and nitrogen nutrition of crops. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 30(3), 529-544.
Gray, D.E., Pallardy, S.G., Garrett, H.E. & Rottinghaus, G.E. (2003). Acute drought stress and plant age effects on alkamide and phenolic acid content in purple coneflower roots. Planta Medica. 69(01), 50-55.
Hald, P.M. (1947). The flame photometer for the measurement of sodium and potassium in biological materials. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 167(2), 499-510.
Herencia, J.F., García-Galavís, P.A., Dorado, J.A.R. & Maqueda, C. (2011). Comparison of nutritional quality of the crops grown in an organic and conventional fertilized soil. Scientia Horticulturae. 129(4), 882-888.
Jalil, Sh.M., Movahhedi, M.M., Salehi, A. & Bahreininejad, B. (2019). Effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen sources on biomass production, water and nitrogen use efficiency and nutrients uptake in coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.). Agricultural Water Management. 213, 358-367.
Kindscher, K. & Riggs, M. (2016). Cultivation of Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea purpurea. In Echinacea (pp. 21-33). Springer, Cham.
Kızılkaya, R. (2008). Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Ecological Engineering. 33(2), 150-156.
Kleinwächter, M. & Selmar, D. (2014). Influencing the product quality by applying drought stress during the cultivation of medicinal plants. In Physiological mechanisms and adaptation strategies in plants under changing environment (pp. 57-73). Springer, New York, NY.
Levitte, J.L. (1980). Responses of plants to environmental stress. VOL 2. Academic Press, York New.
Montanari, M., Degl’Innocenti, E., Maggini, R., Pacifici, S., Pardossi, A. & Guidi, L. (2008). Effect of nitrate fertilization and saline stress on the contents of active constituents of Echinacea angustifolia DC. Food Chemistry. 107(4), 1461-1466.
Nain, L., Yadav, R.C. & Saxena, J. (2012). Characterization of multifaceted Bacillus sp. RM-2 for its use as plant growth promoting bioinoculant for crops grown in semi-arid deserts. Applied Soil Ecology. 59, 124-135.
Ordonez, A.A.L., Gomez, J.D. & Vattuone, M.A. (2006). Antioxidant activities of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz extracts. Food Chemistry. 97(3), 452-458.
Pessarakli, M. (Ed.). (2001). Handbook of plant and crop physiology. CRC press.
Sabra, A., Adam, L., Daayf, F. & Renault, S. (2012). Salinity-induced changes in caffeic acid derivatives, alkamides and ketones in three Echinacea species. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 77, 234-241.
Saneoka, H., Moghaieb, R.E., Premachandra, G.S. & Fujita, K. (2004). Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on cell membrane stability and leaf water relations in Agrostis palustris Huds. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 52(2), 131-138.
Sardans, J. & Peñuelas, J. (2012).  The role of plants in the effects of global change on nutrient availability and stoichiometry in the plant-soil system. Plant Physiology. 160, 1741–1761.
Selmar, D. (2008). Potential of salt and drought stress to increase pharmaceutical significant secondary compounds in plants. Agronomy Forest Research. 58, 139-144.
Singh, J.P. (1988). A rapid method for determination of nitrate in soil and plant extracts. Plant and Soil. 110(1), 137-139.
Solinas, V., Deiana, S., Gessa, C., Bazzoni, A., Loddo, M. A. & Satta, D. (1996). Effect of water and nutritional conditions on the Rosmarinus officinalis L., phenolic fraction and essential oil yields. Rivista Italiana EPPOS. 19, 189-198.
Stuart, D.L., & Wills, R.B. (2003). Effect of drying temperature on alkylamide and cichoric acid concentrations of Echinacea purpurea. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51(6), 1608-1610.
Talbi, S., Romero-Puertas, M.C., Hernández, A., Terrón, L., Ferchichi, A. & Sandalio, L.M. (2015). Drought tolerance in a Saharian plant Oudneya africana: role of antioxidant defences. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 111, 114-126.
Tsai, Y.L., Chiou, S.Y., Chan, K.C., Sung, J. M. & Lin, S.D. (2012). Caffeic acid derivatives, total phenols, antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Echinacea purpurea flower extracts. LWT-Food Science and Technology. 46(1), 169-176.
Waraich, E.A., Ahmad, R. & Ashraf, M.Y. (2011). Role of mineral nutrition in alleviation of drought stress in plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(6), 764.
Wichtl, M. (2004). Herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals: a handbook for practice on a scientific basis (No. Ed. 3). Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers.
Yang, Y.C., M. Zhang, L. Zheng, D.D. Cheng, M. Liu, & Y.Q. Geng. Yang, Y. C., Zhang, M., Zheng, L., Cheng, D.D., Liu, M. & Geng, Y.Q. (2011). Controlled release urea improved nitrogen use efficiency, yield, and quality of wheat. Agronomy Journal. 103(2), 479-485.
Zeng, H., Liu, G., Kinoshita,T., Zhang, R., Zhu, Y., Shen, Q. & Xu, G. (2012). Stimulation of phosphorus uptake by ammo-nium nutrition involves plasma membrane H+ATPase in rice roots. Plant and Soil. 357, 205–214.
Journal of Organic Farming of Medicinal Plants
Volume 1, Issue 1
September 2022
Pages 1-8

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics