Total phenolic and flavonoid content of Satureja sahandica plant under the influence of animal manure and enriched straw in dry conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

Satureja sahandica is an exclusive species of Iran. The aerial parts of this plant are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Soil fertility management is one of the main factors determining the growth and quantitative and qualitative performance of medicinal plants. According to the statistics presented in 2024, Iran is in a year of drought that multiplies the necessity of using the climate capacity correctly. Agriculture in dry farming conditions is very important considering the available water capacities in the world. Because something like 41% of the world includes dry land. These experiments were carried out in the form of split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design in the steppe region (Humand area of Damavand city). The experimental treatments included organic manure (cow, straw enriched with ammonium sulfate and control treatment), planting density (low density of 26666 plants per hectare, medium density of 40000 plants per hectare, and high density of 80000 plants per hectare) in 2017 and 2018. Sahandi Savory seeds were obtained from the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran (RIFR). They were planted in culture trays filled with a mixture of peat moss and vermiculite (1:1 volume) under greenhouse conditions. Two-month-old seedlings were brought to the farm from the greenhouse in April 2017. The average annual rainfall was 333 mm. This research showed that increasing soil fertility can make a significant change in the increase of phenol and flavonoids.

Keywords

References

Akbarinia, A., Sefidkon, F. & Razaz Hashemi, S.R. (2009). Essential oil components of cultivated and wild accessions of Satureja sahendica Bornm. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 25(3), 376-385.
Akbarpour, A., Kavoosi, B., Hosseinifarahi, M., Tahmasebi, S. & Gholipour, S. (2015). Evaluation of Yield and Phytochemical Content of Different Iranian Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Ecotypes. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 8(4), 385-400.
83
Akintoye, H. A., Lucas, E. O. & Kling, J. (1997). Effects of density of planting and time of nitrogen application on maize varieties in different ecological zones of West Africa. Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 28, 1163-1175.
Batra, P. & Sharma, A.K. (2013) Anti-cancer potential of flavonoids: recent trends and future perspectives. Biotechnology. 3(6), 439–459.
Borsani, O., Valpuesta, V. & Bottela, A.M. (2001). Evidence for a role of salicylic acid in the oxidative damage generated by NaCl and osmotic stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Physiology. 126, 1024–1030.
Brunetti, C., Di Ferdinando, M., Fini, A., Pollastri, S. & Tattini, M. (2013) Flavonoids as antioxidants and developmental regulators: relativesignificance in plants and humans. International Journal of Molecular Science. 14, 3540–3555
Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. & Chern, J. (2002). Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis.10, 178-182.
Donat, M. G., Lowry, A. L., Alexander, L. V., O'Gorman, P. A. & Maher, N. (2016). More extreme precipitation in the world's dry and wet regions. Nature and Climate Change. 6, 508–513. https://doi.org/10.1038/Nclimate2941.
Dreosti, I.E. (2000). Antioxidant polyphenols in tea, cocoa, and wine. Nutrition, 16(7-8), 692-694. doi: 10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00304-x. PMID: 10906600.
Feller, C.h., Blanchart, E., Bernoux, M., Lai, R. & Manlay, R. (2012). Soil fertility concepts over the past two centuries: the importance attributted to soil organic matter in developed and develping countries. Archives of agronomy and Soil Science. 58(1), 3-21.
Gopčević, K., Grujić, S., Arsenijević, J., Karadžić, I., Izrael-Živković, L. & Maksimović, Z. (2019). Phytochemical Properties of Satureja kitaibelii, Potential Natural Antioxidants: a New Insight. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 1-7
Gozubenli, H., Sener, O., Konuskan, O. & Kilinc, M. (2003). Effect of hybrid and plant density on grain yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 48, 203-205.
Hajhashemi, V., Ghannadi, A. & Pezeshkian, S.K. (2002). Anti- nocicieptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Satureja hortensis L. extracts and essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 82, 83-87
Harborne, J.B. & Turner, B.L. (1984). Plant Chemosystematics, Academic Press, London, 123.
Lovelli, S. (2019). Dryland farming and the agronomic management of crops in arid environments. Journal of Agronomy. 18, 49-54.
84
Marinova, D., Ribarova, F. & Atanassova, M. (2005). Total Phenolics and Total  Flavonoidsin Bulgarian Fruits and Vegetables. Journal  of  the  University  of  Chemical  Technology  and  Metallurgy.  40(3), 255-260.
Mohebi, A. (2016). The Effect of Integrated Soil Fertility and Nutrition Management on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Date Fruit. Journal of beh zeraee Agriculture.18(4), 851-860.
Omidbaigi, R. (2005). Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Astane Ghodse Razavi, Mashhad, Iran, p 347.
Omidbaygi, R. (1995). Approaches for Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Vol. Ι). Tarrahan Nashr Publication, Tehran, Iran, 424p.
Ouchikh, O., Chahed, T., Ksouri, R., Ben Taarit, M., Faleh, H., Abdelly, C., Kchouk, M.E. & Marzouk, B. (2011). The Effects of Extraction Method on the Measured Tocopherol Level and Antioxidant Activity of L. nobilis Vegetative Organs. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 24, 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2010.04.006
Pistelli, L. & Giorgi, I. (2012). Antimicrobial properties of flavonoids. In: Patra AK (ed) Dietary phytochemicals and microbes. Springer Science+ Business Media, Dordrecht, pp 33–91.
Ranieri, M., Manca, S. & Fini, A. (2012). Why (and how) do teachers engage in social networks? An exploratory study of professional use of Facebook and its implications for lifelong learning. Br. Journal of  Education and Technology. 43, 754–769. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01356.x
Stewart, B.A. (2016a). Dryland Farming. In: Reference Module in Food Science, Smithers, G.W. (Ed.)., Elsevier, New York, USA.
Stewart, B.A. & Thapa, S. (2016b). Dryland Farming: Concept, Origin and Brief History. In: Innovations in Dryland Agriculture, Farooq, M. and K.H.M. Siddique (Eds.)., Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp: 3-29.
Voget, T. (2010). Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Molecular Plant. 3, 2-20
Yamasaki, H., Sakihama, Y. & Ikehara, N. (1997). Flavonoid–Peroxidase reaction as adetoxification mechanism of plant cells against H2O2. Plant Physiology. 115, 1405-1412.
Yang, J., Reichert, P., Abbaspour, K.C. & Yang, H. (2007). Hydrological modelling of the Chaohe Basin in China: Statistical model formulation and Bayesian inference. Journal of Hydrology. 340,167–182

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics