Evaluation of bio-priming technique on germination and some enzymes activity of pot-marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) seedlings under salinity stress

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. candidate of department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Karaj

2 Department of Agronomy and plant breeding, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

3 Department of Agronomy, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Bio-priming is an innovative seed priming technology that improve seed germination and growth by providing resistance to environmental stresses. For this purpose, this study was conducted as a factorial base on a completely randomized design with three replications, on pot-marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Treatments included five levels of bio-priming [control (no prime), Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi extract, azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum), azospirillum (Azospirillum lipoferum)] and hydropriming as the first factor and four levels of salinity stress (0 (without salinity), 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) as the second factor. The results indicated that salinity stress decreased germination characteristic of pot-marigold. 150 mM of salinity stress treatment reduced seed germination (28.52%) and alpha amylase activity (34.98%) compared to control. The application of biopriming was able to reduce the negative effects of salt stress. Bio-priming effects had a higher percentage of seed germination under salt stress conditions compared to the control (without biopriming). In addition, enzymes activity increased with increasing salinity stress. 150 mM of salinity stress improved superoxide dismutase activity (82.55%) and polyphenol oxidase (76.49%) compared to control. The impact of bio-priming in increasing seedling growth characteristics and control enzymes activity was more than hydropriming. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi extract in control of salinity stress (without stress), promoted germination percentage (77.68 %), seed vigor index (375.85%), and alpha-amylase activity (104.7%), compared to the control of bio-priming in 150 mM of salinity stress (lowest treatment). Bio-priming application especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi extract, can promote the germination and growth characteristics under salinity conditions by improving germination percentage and control enzymes activity.

Keywords

References

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