Cadmium stress mitigation in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) using mycorrhiza symbiosis: Nutrient uptake, dry weight, and morphological traits

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract

Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a sustainable way to empower plants to tolerate heavy metal stress, especially cadmium (Cd). Considering the medicinal importance of lemon balm, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on lemon balm tolerance to Cd toxicity in the research greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Iran, in 2022. The experiment was a factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor included Cd concentration (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25, mg/kg soil, as Cd(NO3)2) and the second factor included no application and application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Funneliformis moseae. The results showed that 25 mg/kg soil Cd reduced the shoot nitrogen and potassium content by 64.2% and 45.3% and the root dry weight by 70% compared to the control. The mycorrhizal fungus also had a positive effect on the plant height (10%) and lateral branches (10.1%) compared to the non-application by reducing the root Cd content by 17.2%. The highest shoot dry weight were recorded from the unstressed + mycorrhizal application at 3.4 g/plant, which was lower than the maximum concentration of Cd + no mycorrhizal inoculation, showed a decrease of 79.7%. Also, at 25 mg Cd/kg soil, mycorrhiza improved the Cd tolerance index by 11.1%. Based on our results, although the dry matter yield of lemon balm was reduced by increasing the Cd concentration, the application of mycorrhiza fungi, especially at higher stress levels, partially prevented the adverse effects of stress on plant performance by reducing the Cd transfer factor from roots to shoots.

Keywords

References

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Journal of Organic Farming of Medicinal Plants
Volume 3, Issue 1
March 2024
Pages 31-43

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